Zu Inhalt springen

Vanille

Die Vanille ist eine Pflanze, deren Schote für gewöhnlich als Gewürz verwendet wird. Vanille wird jedoch auch zur Herstellung von Medizin verwendet.

Vanille wird zur Behandlung von Blähungen und Fieber eingesetzt. Sie wird außerdem als Aphrodisiakum zur Steigerung des sexuellen Verlangens verwendet. Vanille ist ein in Getränken und Nahrungsmitteln häufig verwendeter Aromastoff, doch sie wird auch zu Nahrungsmitteln hinzugefügt, um die Menge an Zucker, die zum Süßen benötigt wird, zu reduzieren. Einige Menschen fügen Vanille zu Nahrungsmitteln hinzu, um Zahnfäule zu stoppen. Im Bereich der industriellen Herstellung wird Vanille als Aromastoff in Sirup, der zur Herstellung von Medikamenten verwendet wird, eingesetzt. Sie wird außerdem als Duftstoff in Parfüm verwendet. Vanilleextrakt kann recht teuer sein. Aus diesem Grund wird häufig künstlich hergestelltes Vanillin als Ersatz für echte Vanille verwendet. Manchmal werden Vanilleextrakte mit billigeren Extrakten verdünnt.

Wie wirkt Vanille?

Vanille enthält Chemikalien, die ein starkes Aroma und einen starken Duft besitzen. Es ist jedoch nicht bekannt, wie Vanille bei einer medizinischen Verwendung wirkt.

Wie effektiv ist Vanille?

Es gibt nicht genügend wissenschaftliche Daten, um eine Aussage bezüglich der Effektivität von Vanille bei Fieber und Blähungen treffen zu können. Es bedarf weiterer wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen, um die Effektivität von Vanille bei diesen Anwendungen bewerten zu können.

Sicherheit und Nebenwirkungen

Vanille ist sicher und unbedenklich, kann jedoch einige Nebenwirkungen besitzen. Ein Hautkontakt kann Hautreizungen und entzündliche Schwellungen hervorrufen. Vanille kann außerdem Kopfschmerzen und Schlafprobleme hervorrufen, was insbesondere bei Menschen der Fall ist, die Vanilleextrakte herstellen und verarbeiten.

Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Warnungen

Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit: Vanille ist in nahrungsmittelüblichen Mengen für schwangere und stillende Frauen sicher und unbedenklich. Größere medizinische Mengen sollten jedoch gemieden werden, bis mehr über deren Sicherheit bekannt ist.

Wechselwirkungen

Zum augenblicklichen Zeitpunkt liegen keine Informationen über Wechselwirkungen von Vanille mit Medikamenten oder Supplements vor.

Dosierung

Eine angemessene Dosierung von Vanille hängt von unterschiedlichen Faktoren wie Alter, Gesundheitszustand und weiteren ab. Zum augenblicklichen Zeitpunkt gibt es keine ausreichenden wissenschaftlichen Daten, um eine Aussage über angemessene Dosierungsbereiche für Vanille treffen zu können. Aus diesem Grund sollte man sich an die Dosierungsanleitung auf dem Etikett halten und/oder vor der Verwendung einen Arzt oder Apotheker fragen.

Referenzen

  1. Acheampong, Y. B. Detection of bacterial spoilage in some fruit flavoured ultra-high temperature milks in Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci 1986;15(1-2):1-5. View abstract.
  2. Alaoui-Ismaili, O., Robin, O., Rada, H., Dittmar, A., and Vernet-Maury, E. Basic emotions evoked by odorants: comparison between autonomic responses and self-evaluation. Physiol Behav. 1997;62(4):713-720. View abstract.
  3. Ali, L., Perfetti, G., and Diachenko, G. Rapid method for the determination of coumarin, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin in vanilla extract by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J AOAC Int 2008;91(2):383-386. View abstract.
  4. Aruoma, O. I. Dietary management of sickle cell anaemia with vanillin. Free Radic.Res Commun 1992;17(5):349-352. View abstract.
  5. Ashkenazi, A. and Marks, L. E. Effect of endogenous attention on detection of weak gustatory and olfactory flavors. Percept.Psychophys. 2004;66(4):596-608. View abstract.
  6. Atanasova, B., El Hage, W., Chabanet, C., Gaillard, P., Belzung, C., and Camus, V. Olfactory anhedonia and negative olfactory alliesthesia in depressed patients. Psychiatry Res 4-30-2010;176(2-3):190-196. View abstract.
  7. Avila, M., Zougagh, M., Escarpa, A., and Rios, A. Fast single run of vanilla fingerprint markers on microfluidic-electrochemistry chip for confirmation of common frauds. Electrophoresis 2009;30(19):3413-3418. View abstract.
  8. Bamforth, K. J., Jones, A. L., Roberts, R. C., and Coughtrie, M. W. Common food additives are potent inhibitors of human liver 17 alpha-ethinyloestradiol and dopamine sulphotransferases. Biochem.Pharmacol 11-17-1993;46(10):1713-1720. View abstract.
  9. Bartocci, M., Winberg, J., Ruggiero, C., Bergqvist, L. L., Serra, G., and Lagercrantz, H. Activation of olfactory cortex in newborn infants after odor stimulation: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Pediatr.Res 2000;48(1):18-23. View abstract.
  10. Beaudry, F., Ross, A., and Vachon, P. Development of a LC-ESI/MS/MS assay for the quantification of vanillin using a simple off-line dansyl chloride derivatization reaction to enhance signal intensity. Biomed.Chromatogr. 2007;21(2):113-115. View abstract.
  11. Becker, E., Hummel, T., Piel, E., Pauli, E., Kobal, G., and Hautzinger, M. Olfactory event-related potentials in psychosis-prone subjects. Int J Psychophysiol. 1993;15(1):51-58. View abstract.
  12. Beckers, H. J., Coutinho, R. A., Jansen, J. T., and van Leeuwen, W. J. [Staphylococcal enterotoxicosis caused by consumption of sterilized vanilla custard]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 5-10-1980;124(19):734-737. View abstract.
  13. Bolles, R. C., Hayward, L., and Crandall, C. Conditioned taste preferences based on caloric density. J Exp.Psychol Anim Behav.Process 1981;7(1):59-69. View abstract.
  14. Bouetard, A., Lefeuvre, P., Gigant, R., Bory, S., Pignal, M., Besse, P., and Grisoni, M. Evidence of transoceanic dispersion of the genus Vanilla based on plastid DNA phylogenetic analysis. Mol.Phylogenet.Evol. 2010;55(2):621-630. View abstract.
  15. Brunschwig, C., Collard, F. X., Bianchini, J. P., and Raharivelomanana, P. Evaluation of chemical variability of cured vanilla beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia). Nat.Prod.Commun 2009;4(10):1393-1400. View abstract.
  16. Brunton, P. A. and Hussain, A. The erosive effect of herbal tea on dental enamel. J Dent. 2001;29(8):517-520. View abstract.
  17. Camps, N., Dominguez, A., Company, M., Perez, M., Pardos, J., Llobet, T., Usera, M. A., and Salleras, L. A foodborne outbreak of Salmonella infection due to overproduction of egg-containing foods for a festival. Epidemiol.Infect. 2005;133(5):817-822. View abstract.
  18. Cerrutti, P. Alzamora S. Vanillin as an antimicrobial for producing shelf-stable strawberry puree. Journal of Food Science 1997;62(3):608.
  19. Cheng, W. Y., Hsiang, C. Y., Bau, D. T., Chen, J. C., Shen, W. S., Li, C. C., Lo, H. Y., Wu, S. L., Chiang, S. Y., and Ho, T. Y. Microarray analysis of vanillin-regulated gene expression profile in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Pharmacol Res 2007;56(6):474-482. View abstract.
  20. Cheryan, M. Deshpande S. Evaluation of vanillin assay for tannin analysis of dry beans. Journal of Food Science 1985;50(4):905.
  21. Choo, J. H., Rukayadi, Y., and Hwang, J. K. Inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing by vanilla extract. Lett.Appl.Microbiol 2006;42(6):637-641. View abstract.
  22. Choochote, W., Chaithong, U., Kamsuk, K., Jitpakdi, A., Tippawangkosol, P., Tuetun, B., Champakaew, D., and Pitasawat, B. Repellent activity of selected essential oils against Aedes aegypti. Fitoterapia 2007;78(5):359-364. View abstract.
  23. Cicchetti, E. and Chaintreau, A. Quantitation of the main constituents of vanilla by reverse phase HPLC and ultra-high-pressure-liquid-chromatography with UV detection: method validation and performance comparison. J Sep.Sci 2009;32(17):3043-3052. View abstract.
  24. Cowden, J. M., Chisholm, D., O'Mahony, M., Lynch, D., Mawer, S. L., Spain, G. E., Ward, L., and Rowe, B. Two outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection associated with the consumption of fresh shell-egg products. Epidemiol.Infect. 1989;103(1):47-52. View abstract.
  25. De Montis, M. G., Grappi, S., Gambarana, C., Leggio, B., Nanni, G., Scheggi, S., and Tagliamonte, A. Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats show low 5-HT extraneuronal levels in the mPFC and no habituation in monoaminergic response to repeated ethanol consumption in the NAcS. Brain Res 4-23-2004;1006(1):18-27. View abstract.
  26. de Tamsut, L. S. and Garcia, C. E. [Microbiological quality of vanilla ice cream manufactured in Caracas, Venezuela]. Arch Latinoam.Nutr. 1989;39(1):46-56. View abstract.
  27. Debowska, R. and Podstolski, A. Properties of diphenolase from Vanilla planifolia (Andr.) shoot primordia cultured in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49(7):3432-3437. View abstract.
  28. Decker, S., McConnaughey, S., and Page, T. L. Circadian regulation of insect olfactory learning. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 10-2-2007;104(40):15905-15910. View abstract.
  29. Deters, M., Knochenwefel, H., Lindhorst, D., Koal, T., Meyer, H. H., Hansel, W., Resch, K., and Kaever, V. Different curcuminoids inhibit T-lymphocyte proliferation independently of their radical scavenging activities. Pharm Res 2008;25(8):1822-1827. View abstract.
  30. Dignum, M. J., Kerler, J., and Verpoorte, R. beta-Glucosidase and peroxidase stability in crude enzyme extracts from green beans of Vanilla planifolia Andrews. Phytochem.Anal. 2001;12(3):174-179. View abstract.
  31. Durant, S. and Karran, P. Vanillins--a novel family of DNA-PK inhibitors. Nucleic Acids Res 10-1-2003;31(19):5501-5512. View abstract.
  32. Eccles, R., Griffiths, D. H., Newton, C. G., and Tolley, N. S. The effects of D and L isomers of menthol upon nasal sensation of airflow. J Laryngol Otol 1988;102(6):506-508. View abstract.
  33. Eccles, R., Jawad, M. S., and Morris, S. Olfactory and trigeminal thresholds and nasal resistance to airflow. Acta Otolaryngol. 1989;108(3-4):268-273. View abstract.
  34. Eccles, R., Lancashire, B., and Tolley, N. S. Experimental studies on nasal sensation of airflow. Acta Otolaryngol. 1987;103(3-4):303-306. View abstract.
  35. Estrada, Alvarado, I, Lomascolo, A., Navarro, D., Delattre, M., Asther, M., and Lesage-Meessen, L. Evidence of a new biotransformation pathway of p-coumaric acid into p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Appl.Microbiol Biotechnol 2001;57(5-6):725-730. View abstract.
  36. Farthing, D., Sica, D., Abernathy, C., Fakhry, I., Roberts, J. D., Abraham, D. J., and Swerdlow, P. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of vanillin and vanillic acid in human plasma, red blood cells and urine. J Chromatogr.B Biomed.Sci Appl. 4-16-1999;726(1-2):303-307. View abstract.
  37. Fenton, P. A., Dobson, K. W., Eyre, A., and McKendrick, M. W. Unusually severe food poisoning from vanilla slices. J Hyg (Lond) 1984;93(2):377-380. View abstract.
  38. Ferguson, J. E. and Beck, M. H. Contact sensitivity to vanilla in a lip salve. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(5):352. View abstract.
  39. Feron, V. J., Til, H. P., de Vrijer, F., Woutersen, R. A., Cassee, F. R., and van Bladeren, P. J. Aldehydes: occurrence, carcinogenic potential, mechanism of action and risk assessment. Mutat.Res 1991;259(3-4):363-385. View abstract.
  40. Ferrante, S., Guerrero, S., and Alzamorat, S. M. Combined use of ultrasound and natural antimicrobials to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes in orange juice. J Food Prot. 2007;70(8):1850-1856. View abstract.
  41. Fitzgerald, D. J., Stratford, M., and Narbad, A. Analysis of the inhibition of food spoilage yeasts by vanillin. Int J Food Microbiol 9-1-2003;86(1-2):113-122. View abstract.
  42. Fitzgerald, D. J., Stratford, M., Gasson, M. J., and Narbad, A. The potential application of vanillin in preventing yeast spoilage of soft drinks and fruit juices. J Food Prot. 2004;67(2):391-395. View abstract.
  43. Fitzgerald, D. J., Stratford, M., Gasson, M. J., Ueckert, J., Bos, A., and Narbad, A. Mode of antimicrobial action of vanillin against Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum and Listeria innocua. J Appl.Microbiol 2004;97(1):104-113. View abstract.
  44. Fladby, T., Bryhn, G., Halvorsen, O., Rose, I., Wahlund, M., Wiig, P., and Wetterberg, L. Olfactory response in the temporal cortex of the elderly measured with near-infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary feasibility study. J Cereb.Blood Flow Metab 2004;24(6):677-680. View abstract.
  45. Fleming-Jones, M. E. and Smith, R. E. Volatile organic compounds in foods: a five year study. J Agric Food Chem 12-31-2003;51(27):8120-8127. View abstract.
  46. Funk, C. and Brodelius, P. E. Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Suspension Cultures of Vanilla planifolia Andr. : II. Effects of Precursor Feeding and Metabolic Inhibitors. Plant Physiol 1990;94(1):95-101. View abstract.
  47. Garcia, A. F., Cabal, C., Losada, J., Alvarez, E., Soler, C., and Otero, J. In vivo action of Vanillin on delay time determined by magnetic relaxation. Hemoglobin 2005;29(3):181-187. View abstract.
  48. Gardeta, P. [Consequences of the discovery of America on nutrition. The introduction of new foods in Europe]. Rev Med Chil. 1999;127(1):101-109. View abstract.
  49. Gehrig, H., Faist, K., and Kluge, M. Identification of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase isoforms in leaf, stem and roots of the obligate CAM plant Vanilla planifolia Salib. (Orchidaceae): a physiological and molecular approach. Plant Mol.Biol 1998;38(6):1215-1223. View abstract.
  50. Goubet, N., Strasbaugh, K., and Chesney, J. Familiarity breeds content? Soothing effect of a familiar odor on full-term newborns. J Dev.Behav.Pediatr. 2007;28(3):189-194. View abstract.
  51. Gustafson, D. L., Franz, H. R., Ueno, A. M., Smith, C. J., Doolittle, D. J., and Waldren, C. A. Vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) inhibits mutation induced by hydrogen peroxide, N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine and mitomycin C but not (137)Cs gamma-radiation at the CD59 locus in human-hamster hybrid A(L) cells. Mutagenesis 2000;15(3):207-213. View abstract.
  52. Gutierrez-Ibanez, C., Villagra, C. A., and Niemeyer, H. M. Pre-pupation behaviour of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Haliday) and its consequences for pre-imaginal learning. Naturwissenschaften 2007;94(7):595-600. View abstract.
  53. Hail, N., Jr. Mechanisms of vanilloid-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2003;8(3):251-262. View abstract.
  54. Hansen, E. H., Moller, B. L., Kock, G. R., Bunner, C. M., Kristensen, C., Jensen, O. R., Okkels, F. T., Olsen, C. E., Motawia, M. S., and Hansen, J. De novo biosynthesis of vanillin in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) and baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Appl.Environ Microbiol 2009;75(9):2765-2774. View abstract.
  55. Ho, K., Yazan, L. S., Ismail, N., and Ismail, M. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 induced by vanillin. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009;33(2):155-160. View abstract.
  56. Hummel, T. and Kobal, G. Differences in human evoked potentials related to olfactory or trigeminal chemosensory activation. Electroencephalogr.Clin.Neurophysiol. 1992;84(1):84-89. View abstract.
  57. Hummel, T., Pauli, E., Schuler, P., Kettenmann, B., Stefan, H., and Kobal, G. Chemosensory event-related potentials in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 1995;36(1):79-85. View abstract.
  58. Inouye, T., Sasaki, Y. F., Imanishi, H., Watanebe, M., Ohta, T., and Shirasu, Y. Suppression of mitomycin C-induced micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells by post-treatment with vanillin. Mutat.Res 1988;202(1):93-95. View abstract.
  59. Jacobi, U., Meykadeh, N., Sterry, W., and Lademann, J. Effect of the vehicle on the amount of stratum corneum removed by tape stripping. J Dtsch.Dermatol.Ges. 2003;1(11):884-889. View abstract.
  60. Jansson, T. and Zech, L. Effects of vanillin on sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. Mutat.Res 1987;190(3):221-224. View abstract.
  61. Kadoma, Y., Ito, S., Atsumi, T., and Fujisawa, S. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity of 2- or 2,6-di-tert-butylphenols and 2-methoxyphenols in terms of inhibition rate constant and a theoretical parameter. Chemosphere 2009;74(5):626-632. View abstract.
  62. Kanny, G., Hatahet, R., Moneret-Vautrin, D. A., Kohler, C., and Bellut, A. Allergy and intolerance to flavouring agents in atopic dermatitis in young children. Allerg.Immunol (Paris) 1994;26(6):204-210. View abstract.
  63. Kettenmann, B., Jousmaki, V., Portin, K., Salmelin, R., Kobal, G., and Hari, R. Odorants activate the human superior temporal sulcus. Neurosci.Lett. 1-19-1996;203(2):143-145. View abstract.
  64. King, A. A., Shaughnessy, D. T., Mure, K., Leszczynska, J., Ward, W. O., Umbach, D. M., Xu, Z., Ducharme, D., Taylor, J. A., Demarini, D. M., and Klein, C. B. Antimutagenicity of cinnamaldehyde and vanillin in human cells: Global gene expression and possible role of DNA damage and repair. Mutat.Res. 3-1-2007;616(1-2):60-69. View abstract.
  65. Kistemann, T., Dangendorf, F., Krizek, L., Sahl, H. G., Engelhart, S., and Exner, M. GIS-supported investigation of a nosocomial Salmonella outbreak. Int J Hyg Environ.Health 2000;203(2):117-126. View abstract.