Stoffliste

Sie kennen die Fachbegriffe und Stoffe nicht? Hier klären wir Sie auf...

Chrom

Allgemeines
Chrom ist ein weiß-bläulich glänzendes Schwermetall mit der Ordnungszahl 24 im Periodensystem der Elemente und dem chemischen Symbol Cr. Es kommt auf der Erde nicht in elementarer Form vor. Das wichtigste chromhaltige Erz ist das Chromit (Chromeisenstein). Weiterhin ist noch das Rotbleierz (PbCrO4) zu nennen, das aber für die Chromgewinnung von geringerer Bedeutung ist. Chrom ist in der Erdhülle das 20 häufigste Element, in den Böden kommt es, je nach Bodenart und Region, in einer Konzentration zwischen 10 bis 90 mg pro Kilogramm Erdreich vor. Der französische Chemiker Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763 - 1829) entdeckte das Element im Jahre 1797. In der Industrie ist Chrom das wichtigste Legierungsmetall zur Herstellung von nichtrostenden Chromstählen und wird auch zur Herstellung von Farbstoffen, z.B. als Chromoxidgrün, verwendet.

Funktionen im Körper
Chrom ist ein essentielles Spurenelement, das aber in zu hoher Dosierung bzw. Zufuhr auch zu Gesundheitsschäden, wie z. B. Allergien und sogar Krebs führen kann. Im menschlichen Körper spielt Chrom eine wichtige Rolle im Stoffwechsel der Kohlenhydrate. Chrom lagert sich in inneren Organen wie der Leber und Milz ein, kommt aber auch vermehrt in Knochen, Fett und Muskeln vor. Es ist ein Kofaktor von einigen Enzymen und am Kohlehydrat- (Zucker) und Fettstoffwechsel beteiligt. Chrom fördert den Transport von Aminosäuren zu den Zellen von Herz und Leber außerdem verstärkt es die Wirkung von Insulin. Dadurch fördert es den Muskelaufbau und verstärkt den Fettabbau.
In den Zellkernen (Nuklei), in denen die DNA abgelesen und vervielfältigt wird, sind auch größere Mengen von Chrom vorhanden. Chrom kann hier als direkter Kofaktor von Enzymen an verschiedenen Stellen angesehent werden. Schließlich beeinflusst Chrom wahrscheinlich die Erhaltung und Funktionstüchtigkeit der Hornhaut und der Augenlinse.

Chromhaltige Lebensmittel
Fleischprodukte, vor allem Innereien und Muskelfleisch, sowie Bierhefe, Nüsse und Vollkornprodukte sind chromhaltig. Auch Pfeffer und brauner Zucker sind gute Chromlieferanten. Raffinierter (weißer) Zucker und Weißmehl enthalten allerdings kaum noch Chrom.

Chrommangel
Chrommangel kann durch die Störung des Zuckerstoffwechsels ähnliche Symptome wie Diabetes mellitus (Zuckerkrankheit) auslösen. Auch hier sind die Zusammenhänge noch nicht ganz geklärt. Koronare Herzerkrankungen und eine Erhöhung der Fettsäurespiegel im Blut könnten auch durch einen Mangel an Chrom mitverursacht werden. Allgemeine Anzeichen: Nervosität, Gereiztheit, Verwirrtheit, Depression, Lernschwierigkeiten; vermehrtes Wasserlassen, Gewichtsverlust, Juckreiz, Muskelschwäche.
Andere bekannte Folgen eines Chrommangels sind Trübung der Linse und Hornhaut und Wachstumsverzögerungen bei Kindern.

Überdosierung/Vergiftung
Dreiwertiges Chrom wird kaum resorbiert, also kaum vom Körper aufgenommen, daher sind die dreiwertigen Chromsalze auch weniger giftig. Das sechswertige Chrom wird hingegen besser resorbiert und ist daher für den Menschen eher als giftig einzustufen.
Sechswertiges Chrom ist z. B. in Zement enthalten und kann bei entsprechend exponierten Personen eine Allergie oder auch Vergiftungserscheinungen auslösen. Ferner sind sechswertige Chromverbindungen in Holzschutzmitteln und Insektiziden zu finden. Häufig sind auch die druckimprignierten Hölzer im Garten mit Chromsalzen belastet.

Aktue Vergiftung
Auf Grund der stark ätzenden Wirkung der Chromverbindungen sind akute Chromvergifungen durch eine heftige Magen-Darm-Symptomatik gekennzeichnet: Erbrechen gelber bis grünlicher Massen, die auch blutig sein können, ferner starke Schmerzen und Durchfall. Die Symptimatik kann zum Schock und schlimmstenfalls zum Tode führen. Wenn eine akute Vergiftung überlebt wird, können sich Veränderungen im Blutbild entwickeln sowie Nieren- und Leberschäden.

Chronische Vergiftung
Bei einer chronischen Chromvergiftung findet man schlecht heilende Geschwüre der Haut nach Hautverletzungen sowie Schnupfen und Nasenbluten durch eingeatmeten Chromstaub. An den Augen kann es zu einer Bindehautentzündung kommen. Bei entsprechend exponierten Personen, also z. B. Bauarbeitern können sich Allergien entwickeln (Zementallergie). Auf Grund der krebserregenden Wirkung von Chromverbindungen treten bei Personen, die beruflich Chrom ausgesetzt sind, vermehrt Krebserkrankungen wie z. B. das Bronchialkarzinom auf.

Therapie der Chromvergiftung
Bei akuten Vergiftungen wird empfohlen sofort ca. 250 ml Wasser zu trinken, um die Konzentration des Giftes im Magen-Darm-Trakt zu verdünnen und die ätzende Wirkung zu verringern. Die Gabe von Aktivkohle wird nicht empfohlen, wohl aber die Gabe von Ascorbinsäure (Vitamin C) um sechswertiges Chrom zu dreiwertigem zu reduzieren, wodurch die Aufnahme (Resorption) in den Körper verringert wird. Ferner muss der Elektrolyt- und Wasserverlust bei Erbrechen ausgeglichen und ein eventuell eintretender Schock behandelt werden.
Die Therapie der chronischen Vergiftung richtet sich nach den Symptomen.

Bedarf
Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE) gibt bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen von einem täglichen Bedarf zwischen 30 und 100 Mikrogramm von Chrom an. Schwangere, ältere Menschen, da deren Chromdepots mit dem Alter abgebaut werden, Fehlernährung oder extreme Stresssituationen können zu einem Mehrbedarf an Chrom führen.

Bedarf im Sport
Sportwissenschaftler fanden heraus das Crompicolinat kombiniert mit Krafttraining einen deutlichen Muskelzuwachs bei gleichzeitigem Körperfettabbau. So erfuhren Footballspieler einen durchschnittlichen Muskelzuwachs von 5,69 Pfund, während der Körperfettanteil um 22% abnahm. Eine Chrom-Zufuhr (über 24 Wochen) zeigte bei Schwimmern einen signifikant größeren Zuwachs an fettfreier Körpermasse sowie einen deutlichen Körperfettabbau gegenüber der Vergleichsgruppe. Realistisch betrachtet, scheint langfristig ein zusätzlicher Muskelaufbau von 1-2kg pro Jahr durch regelmäßige Zufuhr von Chrom bei Bodybuilder möglich. Messbare Effekte über Nacht dürfen allerdings nicht erwartet werden.
Meine Empfehlung ist 400-800mcg Chromiumpicolinat am Tag zu den Mahlzeiten einzunehmen. Allerdings muss ich darauf hinweisen dass sich eine Chrom-Zufuhr nur langfristig bezahlt macht.

Referenzen

Hepburn DD, Vincent JB. In vivo distribution of chromium from chromium picolinate in rats and implications for the safety of the dietary supplement. Chem Res Toxicol. 2002 Feb;15(2):93-100
Cefalu WT, Wang ZQ, Zhang XH, Baldor LC, Russell JC. Oral chromium picolinate improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and enhances skeletal muscle Glut-4 translocation in obese, hyperinsulinemic (JCR-LA corpulent) rats. J Nutr. 2002 Jun;132(6):1107-14
Wilson BE, Gondy A. Effects of chromium supplementation on fasting insulin levels and lipid parameters in healthy, non-obese young subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995 Jun;28(3):179-84
Urberg M, Benyi J, John R. Hypocholesterolemic effects of nicotinic acid and chromium supplementation. J Fam Pract. 1988 Dec;27(6):603-6
Urberg M, Zemel MB. Evidence for synergism between chromium and nicotinic acid in the control of glucose tolerance in elderly humans. Metabolism. 1987 Sep;36(9):896-9
Vincent J. The potential value and toxicity of chromium picolinate as a nutritional supplement, weight loss agent and muscle development agent. Sports Med. 2003;33(3):213-30
Campbell WW, Joseph LJ, Anderson RA, Davey SL, Hinton J, Evans WJ. Effects of resistive training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle size in older women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2002 Jun;12(2):125-35
Campbell WW, Joseph LJ, Davey SL, Cyr-Campbell D, Anderson RA, Evans WJ. Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle in older men. J Appl Physiol. 1999 Jan;86(1):29-39
Pittler MH, Stevinson C, Ernst E. Chromium picolinate for reducing body weight: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Apr;27(4):522-9
Amato P, Morales AJ, Yen SS. Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, and body composition in healthy, nonobese, older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 May;55(5):M260-3
Joseph LJ, Farrell PA, Davey SL, Evans WJ, Campbell WW. Effect of resistance training with or without chromium picolinate supplementation on glucose metabolism in older men and women. Metabolism. 1999 May;48(5):546-53 [abstract]
Volpe SL, Huang HW, Larpadisorn K, Lesser II. Effect of chromium supplementation and exercise on body composition, resting metabolic rate and selected biochemical parameters in moderately obese women following an exercise program. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Aug;20(4):293-306
Kareus SA, Kelley C, Walton HS, Sinclair PR. Release of Cr(III) from Cr(III) picolinate upon metabolic activation. J Hazard Mater. 2001 Jun 29;84(2-3):163-74
Manygoats KR, Yazzie M, Stearns DM. Ultrastructural damage in chromium picolinate-treated cells: a TEM study. Transmission electron microscopy. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2002 Sep;7(7-8):791-8. Epub 2002 Mar 23.
Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Balmoori J, Ye X, Stohs SJ. Comparative induction of oxidative stress in cultured J774A.1 macrophage cells by chromium picolinate and chromium nicotinate. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1997 Sep;97(3):335-46
Hepburn DD, Xiao J, Bindom S, Vincent JB, O'Donnell J. Nutritional supplement chromium picolinate causes sterility and lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 1;100(7):3766-71. Epub 2003 Mar 20
Lanca S, Alves A, Vieira AI, Barata J, de Freitas J, de Carvalho A. Chromium-induced toxic hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med. 2002 Dec;13(8):518-520
Clarkson PM. Effects of exercise on chromium levels. Is supplementation required? Sports Med. 1997 Jun;23(6):341-9

- Gigas admin -

Products containing the substance...

Best Price Garantie!
Best Prices on the Web
Build Muscle
Creatin
Fatburner
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel
Nutrition
Protein shake

Did you see one of our products at another web site for a lower price? Please tell us the name of the product, the address of the web site and the product price of our competitor and we will try to give you our product for the same price!*for europa only

Gigas Nutrition Megastore is your online shop for dietary supplements. It is the place to go to buy your vitamins, minerals, amino acids, protein bars, protein shakes, creatine, carnitines, glutamine, weight gainers, fat burners and much more if you want to support your workouts and promote and accelerate muscle growth – and all that at unbeatable prices. Pay attention to the quality of the supplements you buy! Many copycats sell cheap rip-offs with sometimes fatal consequences. When you buy supplements, you should therefore trust only renowned manufacturers such as BSN, Scitec Nutrition, Olimp Sport Nutrition, Optimum Nutrition, Dymatize and Muscle Tech. You can find a list of all trustworthy suppliers, whose products we offer in our online shop, under “All Brands” on our homepage. The Top 5 Best Selling Brands are also listed separately on our homepage. And quality does not have to be expensive! At the Gigas Nutrition Megastore, you can buyyou’re your favorite premium supplements at particularly low prices. And we also stock the respective accessories for their preparation, such as shaker bottles and dosing pumps. A broad variety of training equipment such as bandages to protect your joints, as well as our exclusive range of Gigas Sportwear perfect our range of high quality products. And to ensure that you always buy your supplements at the very best prices on the Internet, we have our price guarantees: The Gigas Best Price Guarantee and the Gigas Lowest Price Guarantee! If you see your desired product at a reduced rate on another webpage, let us know and we from Gigas Nutrition will offer you the same price or refund the difference within 3 days, in case you have already bought the product. So don’t forget: Here at Gigas Nutrition you can buy your dietary supplements at the guaranteed best prices on the Net!

The nutritional supplements, vitamins, minerals, fat burners and energy drinks, protein powders and shakes, as well as the other products sold at the Gigas Nutrition Megastore will help you improve your training efficiency and accelerate your muscle growth. We also offer accessories such as shakers, dosing pumps, bandages and much more, as well as our exclusive range of Gigas Sportwear – all from a single source and at the guaranteed lowest prices on the Internet. Unparalleled on the Internet: The Gigas Best Price Guarantee and the Gigas Lowest Price Guarantee! If you see your desired product cheaper on another webpage, let us know and we from Gigas Nutrition will offer you the same price or refund the difference within 3 days, in case you have already bought the product. Remember: Gigas Nutrition offers the best prices on the Internet! But Gigas Nutrition can do even more for you. We will not only provide you with products to support your training, but also with suitable exercise and nutrition routines for you to reach your goals even faster. In addition to that, our databases hold extensive information about the mechanisms of actions of the various ingredients of dietary supplements and our news section will keep you informed about the latest product releases and scientific studies. And don’t forget that the Gigas Nutrition Blog allows you to share your own experiences and communicate with others. We are looking forward to your contribution!

Regardless of whether you do bodybuilding, fitness or are a professional athlete, creatine is the optimal nutritional supplement to support muscle growth and performance. Here, at Gigas Nutrition, you can order your creatine online, conveniently from home and at incredibly low prices. Next to protein and amino acids, creatine is one of the most popular supplements that is used not only by bodybuilders, but also by professional athletes from soccer player to martial artist. It promotes strength and performance, is obtainable at our shop without a prescription and is not on the list of prohibited substances of any of the international sports organizations such as the IOC (International Olympic Committee). Creatine is a natural molecule that can be found in a range of (mostly animal) foods. The special creatine products you can obtain at the Gigas Nutrition Megastore contain a highly concentrated dosage to actively support muscle growth. If you order creatine, it is – just as with all other nutritional supplements – imperative that you pay attention to the quality of the product. You should only buy creatine from renowned supplement companies, because despite being a natural ingredient, inferior products may contain potentially harmful degradation products and additives. If you order creatine from Gigas Nutrition, you can be sure that you will receive a non-adulterated high-quality product. You can buy creatine in various forms and as an ingredient in a broad range of products. Depending on whether you want to build more muscle or experience a greater pump while you train, you can select from our range exactly that product that suits your personal needs best. And due to the unique Gigas Best Price and Lowest Price guarantees you will get it at the best price on the Internet.

Many men want to have a toned upper body and a six-pack and more and more women acquire a liking for a lean and muscular physique. Yet despite the fact that resistance training alone produces astonishing results within a short period of time, the fat tissue on the abs, legs, hips and the butt tends to be particularly stubborn. No matter how hard you train, the fat simply won’t vanish. In this case, a fat burner can help. Fat burners are designed to promote your metabolism. The majority of the products will increase your body temperature and help transport the fat from the adipose tissue into your muscles, where it can be burned as fuel while you train. The combination of various ingredients in the fat burner caps ensures that your newly acquired muscles will get toned and the unwanted fat stores will vanish. The selection of different fat burners on the market is huge, just as the qualitative differences between the products. To find the right product for you, it is advisable to take a closer look at the ingredients. While all products claim to have more or less the same effect, i.e. increasing energy expenditure and burning fat, their ingredient profiles vary. As with all nutritional supplements, it is thus of paramount importance to pay attention to the quality of the product to avoid unwanted side effects and ward off serious damage to your health. We at Gigas Nutrition sell only tested originals and no rip-offs! Go visit our online shop and see for yourself: Quality does not have to be expensive! With the unique Gigas Best Price and Gigas Lowest Price Guarantees you can be sure to buy your fat burners at the best prices on the Net!

Get everything your body needs and even more. Here at Gigas Nutrition, you will find everything to support your training and muscle growth: from vitamins and minerals via protein shakes and bars through to fat burners and amino acids. Whether you want to buy amino acids, protein or creatine, The Gigas Nutrition Megastore offers a broad range of different supplements for all conceivable needs. Take a look and convince yourself of the breadth of our range and our unbeatable prices. On the following pages, we have compiled detailed information on the products that are available at the Gigas Nutrition Megastore. The information is arranged according to ingredients and the designated use of the products. This allows you to find exactly those supplements and the respective accessories you have always been looking for, in no time and at unbelievably low prices. In addition to that you can use our comprehensive nutritional database, as well as our tried andproven workout programs and nutritional protocols to achieve your personal goals even faster. And don’t forget to visit the Gigas Nutrition Blog from time to time to read all about new products and scientific studies related to exercise, nutrition and supplementation.

While nutrition usually comprises everything related to food, it can also refer to the use of nutritional supplements in strength and endurance sports, in particular. An increase in the amount of vitamins, minerals, protein, and – over the last years – creatine by the regular consumption of respective products is a completely natural way to augment muscle growth. The ingestion of these supplements facilitates a faster and more efficient oxygen supply to the trained muscles. Your strength and energy during training will improve and your workouts will become more effective. In this context, vitamins, amino acids, proteins and creatine all have their specific properties, which make them more or less valuable for athletes depending on which sports they play. With appropriate supplementation, a strength athlete, for example, can specifically increase muscle growth and prevent nutrient deficiencies, which could occurs subsequent to longer periods of intense training. When you buy supplements, it is however strongly advisable not to buy the next best caps, pills and powders you can find. Quality is what really counts, which is why you should buy only from reputable producers. Gigas Nutition offers only products from renowned manufacturers such as Olimp Sport Nutrition, BSN, Scitec Nutrition, Optimum Nutrition, Dymatize, Muscle Tech, Ironmaxx and many more. The current Top 5 Selling Brands are always listed right on our homepage. Maybe your favorite brand is one of them. Stop by and take your time to browse the huge range of premium dietary supplements the Gigas Nutrition Megastore, Your Online Shop for Sports Nutrition, has to offer.

You should not miss out on a protein shake, right after your workout! It contains, as the name implies, valuable protein, a nutrient your body needs to build muscle in the course of and following your workouts. To replenish your protein reserves after a hard training session, a protein shake should thus be your first choice. As a rule of thumb, you can assume that you will need an additional 1g (max. 1.5g) of protein powder per 1kg of body weight per day. This will secure an optimal protein supply and increase the effectiveness of your workouts. The individual amino acids, i.e. BCAA’s, arginine and glutamine in protein shakes have been shown to improve performance, accelerate regeneration and improve muscular hypertrophy, significantly. Moreover, the slower digestible proteins like egg protein and above all casein, which are gradually released into the bloodstream, will supply your muscles with muscle building amino acids for hours. We carry a broad range of protein powders that will help you build muscle and improve your performance in the gym, at very reasonable prices. Visit our online store and check out which protein shake suits you best. Depending on its texture and ingredients, the protein powder can be blended with skim milk or water. By using a special shaker bottle, such as the Shaker Pro 40, or an electrical blender you can make sure that the powder blends into a creamy milkshake-esque beverage. You can find both, shaker bottles and electrical blenders listed under “Accessories” in the main menu of our online store.

Home New products Contact Imprint Shopping cart Disclaimer

The Gigas Sports Ltd. Website serves solely as a source of information about the products offered. All of our products are considered as dietary supplements and not as medication. The usage of any of our products takes place at your own risk. None of our products should be used for treatment, cure, prevention or diagnosis of a medical condition. We do not give medical advice. Please consult a medical doctor before using any of our products. This is especially important, if you are currently treated because of an existing medical condition or if you take any medication or hormone preparations. Please read all instructions and product information carefully and do not exceed the stated dosage. If you have any questions concerning the usage or the action of a dietary supplement consult your healthcare professional or nutritionist. Please discontinue the usage and contact your medical doctor if any adverse reactions occur. All information about a product originates from the manufacturer, the product label or the specialized press. Store all nutritional supplements out of the range of children. We take no liability for any impairment of your health or any other damage. We are not liable wrong information or changes in product Ingredients. Gigas Sports Ltd. is not liable for promises or directions made by the manufacturer of a product.

All mentioned product names, trademarks, company names and logos are usually registered and protected by the owner and are used for information/presentation purposes only.

Informations

Your Account

Your Shopping Cart

Categories

Store

Blog

Stoffliste

Chrom

Products containing the substance...

Chromium Picolinate SN

Chrom

Vanadyl Complex