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Methionin

Methionin ist eine essentielle schwefelhaltige Aminosäure, sie liefert dem Körper Schwefel sowie Methylgruppen. Methionin ist eine Vorstufe der Aminosäuren Cystein und Taurin und des Antioxidans Glutathion. Die stoffwechselaktive Form von Methionin ist S-Adenosyl-Methionin (SAM), das praktisch in allen Körpergeweben und -flüssigkeiten vorkommt. Es wird zur Synthese, Anregung und zum Abbau vieler Stoffe im Körper benötigt. Es trägt weiter zur Bildung von Adrenalin, Carnitin, Cholin, Kreatin, Melatonin und Nukleinsäuren bei.

Methionin hat wichtige Funktionen im Körper
Methionin trägt im Körper dazu bei, übermäßige Fetteinlagerungen in der Leber zu verhindern. Außerdem unterstützt es die Regeneration der Leber und Nieren. Methionin hat eine harnsäuernde Wirkung. Es wirkt antioxidativ und kann Schwermetalle, beispielsweise Blei, sowie Histamin und Ammoniak entgiften bzw. deren Abbau beschleunigen. Als Vorstufe von Glutathion schützt Methionin möglicherweise auch vor Strahlenschäden. Es wird außerdem für den Stoffwechsel von Selen benötigt. Methionin bzw. SAM ist außerdem besonders aktiv im Gehirn, es hat antidepressive Wirkungen.

Die Hauptlieferanten von Methionin
Methionin ist in vielen Lebensmitteln enthalten. Reichlich vorhanden ist es in Fisch, Fleisch und Gemüsen (z.B. Brokkoli, grüne Erbsen, Rosenkohl, Spinat), Ei, Vollkornbrot und Reis.

Einige Methionin- und Cystein-reiche* Lebensmittel enthalten in je 100 Gramm

Methionin/Cystein *

Lachs 700 mg
Garnelen 670 mg
Pute, Brustfleisch 630 mg
Huhn, Brustfleisch 620 mg
Sojabohnen 580 mg
Rind, Filet 570 mg
Cashew-Nüsse 380 mg
Weizenkeime 280 mg
Emmentaler 250 mg

* Methionin ist der Vorläufer von Cystein, letzteres ist in Lebensmitteln nur schwer zu bestimmen. Daher wird der Gehalt dieser beiden schwefelhaltigen Aminosäuren meist zusammen angegeben.

Typische Gruppen für einen Mehrbedarf an Methionin

bei Belastung mit Schwermetallen
bei Allergien
bei Depressionen
bei Wundheilungen und Muskelverletzungen
bei Harnwegsinfektionen
bei Leberentzündungen (durch Medikamenten- oder Alkoholmissbrauch)
bei Parkinson´scher Krankheit (Einnahme von L-Dopa)

Methionin trägt über seine rege Beteiligung an der Bildung von Hormonen, Neurotransmittern und Nukleinsäuren zu vielen Körperfunktionen bei. Es kann eine Reihe von Krankheiten beeinflussen. Methionin kann beispielsweise Histamin senken und auf diese Weise Allergien verbessern. Methionin kann weiter vor Infektionen der Harnwege schützen. Bakterien, die solche Infektionen verursachen können, werden durch Methionin in ihrem Wachstum gehemmt. Es verhindert auch, dass sich infolge chronischer Harnwegsinfekte verstärkt Phosphatsteine in den Harnwegen bilden. Da Methionin in seiner aktiven Form SAM besonders aktiv im Gehirn ist, können depressive Stimmungen positiv beeinflusst werden. Durch die Gabe des Medikamentes L-Dopa bei der Parkinson´schen Krankheit werden die SAM-Spiegel im Gehirn verringert. Zusätzliche Gaben von Methionin können dann die Bewegungsfähigkeit und Aktivität verbessern, außerdem können sich Zittern, Schlaf und Stimmungen verbessern.

Wenn Methionin im Körper fehlt
Bei einem Mangel an Methionin können Stoffwechselstörungen entstehen. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die Leberverfettung, aber auch Haut- und Haarwuchsstörungen. Ein Mangel kann auch zu verstärkter Müdigkeit bzw. Lethargie führen. Bei einem niedrigen Methionin-Spiegel können außerdem depressive Verstimmungen und in schweren Fällen psychiatrische Störungen entstehen.

Kann man Methionin überdosieren oder gibt es Nebenwirkungen?
Bei Dosen von bis zu 2 Gramm Methionin täglich über lange Zeit zeigten sich keine ernsten Nebenwirkungen. Dosierungen bis zu 8 Gramm täglich werden allgemein als nebenwirkungsfrei angesehen. Methionin gilt jedoch als die am stärksten toxische Aminosäure. Bei zu hoher Zufuhr bildet sich durch den Abbau von Methionin als Zwischenprodukt verstärkt Homocystein. Dieses gilt als eigenständiger Risikofaktor für Herzkrankheiten und Schlaganfälle. Durch die gleichzeitige Einnahme von Vitamin B6 lässt sich die Bildung von Homocystein verringern. B6 trägt dazu bei, Homocystein rascher zu Cystein oder zurück in Methionin umzuwandeln. Hohe Dosen von Methionin können außerdem die Ausscheidung von Kalzium im Urin steigern. Darauf sollte bei Osteoporose und einem vorhandenen Osteoporose-Risiko geachtet werden. Hohe Dosen können bei schizophrenen Menschen außerdem Halluzinationen verursachen. Methionin kann den Blut-pH-Wert senken, daher sollen Gichtpatienten es nur unter ärztlicher Kontrolle einnehmen.

Der tägliche Bedarf an Methionin
Der tägliche Bedarf an Methionin beträgt für Erwachsene etwa 13 mg pro Kilogramm Körpergewicht.

- Gigas admin -

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Methionin

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